巢湖四条入湖河流硝态氮污染来源的氮稳定同位素解析   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

刘姝  孔繁翔  蔡元锋  阳振  王济奎  史小丽 《湖泊科学》2012,24(6):952-956

采用氮稳定同位素技术对巢湖四条主要污染输入河流(南淝河、十五里河、派河和双桥河)的氮污染状况和硝态氮来源进行研究.结果表明,巢湖四条入湖河流氮污染最严重的是十五里河,其次是南淝河和派河,双桥河的污染相对较轻.硝态氮的稳定同位素分析结果表明,巢湖四条入湖河流的硝态氮污染物在季节上受到不同因子的影响.十五里河和南淝河的硝态氮污染主要来源于城市生活污水和工业废水;派河的硝态氮污染在冬季主要来源于工业废水,春季来源于农业面源,而在夏季主要受到雨水的影响;双桥河的硝态氮污染冬、春季主要来源于农业面源,夏季主要受雨水的影响.此外本研究结果还表明巢湖四条主要入湖河流的氮污染源主要为铵态氮,因此今后要对铵态氮的来源进行同位素示踪.  相似文献   

Comparison of trends in stream water quality     

J. M. Potts  D. Hirst  J. D. Miller  A. C. Edwards  D. A. Elston 《水文研究》2003,17(12):2449-2462

A method is described for assessing the strength of evidence for differences in the trends in chemical concentrations in stream water between catchments. A smoothing spline technique is used to model changes in water quality as a result of changes in flow rates, seasonal effects and an underlying trend. The method involves fitting the model twice, once with the underlying trends constrained to be identical for each river and once with the trends unconstrained. Statistical properties are assessed by simulation methods that allow for the autocorrelation in the residuals from the unconstrained fit. The method is applied to data from two streams in the Balquhidder catchments in the Highlands of Scotland and to data from the Dee, Don and Ythan rivers in the north‐east of Scotland. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

海洋聚球藻对不同硝酸盐浓度的响应特征     

石凤  周玉婷  李佳霖  高会旺  秦松 《海洋科学》2023,47(11):110-120

近年来,由于陆源污染的加重以及近海环境治理的推进,中国近海海域营养盐浓度发生明显变化,导致浮游植物生物量及群落结构发生改变。作为一种广泛分布且丰度较高的微微型蓝藻,聚球藻在中国近海生态系统中发挥着重要的角色,但其对不同硝酸盐浓度的响应尚待研究。本文分别从渤海和黄海采集聚球藻富集样本,在不同硝酸盐浓度下进行半连续培养,通过测定生长曲线、色素含量、光合生理参数以及碳氮含量,研究聚球藻对硝酸盐浓度的响应特征。当硝酸盐浓度为0.1、1.0、10.0μmol·L^–1时,聚球藻培养体系可支持的生物量较小,光能转化效率较低;当硝酸盐浓度为100.0μmol·L^–1时,聚球藻细胞生长得到促进,其培养体系可支持的生物量约提高5倍,同时培养体系整体的光能转化效率达到最高,但单位细胞的捕光能力受到抑制,氮和磷的转化率提高。研究表明海洋聚球藻能够适应不同的硝酸盐浓度维持生长,在较高的硝酸盐浓度下,聚球藻生物量显著提高,但释放至胞外的碳氮未出现相应的当量增加。研究结果为营养盐胁迫条件下浮游生态系统的响应提供了原核微藻方面的实验依据。  相似文献   

绿潮迁移过程中环境要素与浒苔藻体生物学特征的相关性分析     

管晨  郝雅  侯承宗  唐学玺  王影 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(1):114-122

浒苔(Ulva prolifera)引起的大规模绿潮起源于黄海南部,在向北迁移过程中生物量迅速扩增,在海州湾附近(35°N左右)迅速增加达到峰值。在绿潮漂浮迁移过程中,海水表层温度、溶解无机氮(dissolved inorganic nitrogen,DIN)和磷酸盐(PO4^3-P-)变化显著。本文以迁移过程中的浒苔为研究对象,分析了环境要素变化与浒苔藻体的生物学特征间的关系。结果显示,随着绿潮的漂浮迁移,浒苔藻体光系统Ⅱ最大光化学量子产量Fv/Fm从0.7逐渐降低至0.45左右,光系统Ⅱ实际光化学量子产量Y(Ⅱ)从0.55逐渐降至0.25左右;硝酸还原酶活性(nitrate reductase activity,NRA)从2.7μmol/L NO2^-/(mg·h)降至0.5μmol/L NO2-/(mg·h)左右;生殖分配率(RA)从15%逐渐上升至50%左右。相关性分析表明,DIN与浒苔藻体的生物学特征相关性呈极显著,表明在漂浮迁移中,DIN对浒苔的生物学特征至关重要。温度对浒苔藻体光合活性和NRA的影响极显著;光照强度对浒苔藻体光合活性的影响极显著,对NRA的影响显著;盐度和PO4^3--P显著影响浒苔藻体的光合活性和NRA,而这四种环境要素与浒苔形成生殖细胞的相关性不显著。本文认为,绿潮漂浮迁移过程中,浒苔藻体光合活性、营养盐吸收等生物学特征对环境中DIN的变化响应最敏感,其他环境要素对浒苔藻体的影响程度大小依次为温度、PO4^3--P、盐度和光照强度。绿潮漂浮迁移过程中环境要素的变化直接影响了浒苔的生长与生殖,尤其是海州湾附近(35°N左右)是浒苔藻体状态改变的分水岭。  相似文献   

The Robinson Forest environmental monitoring network: Long-term evaluation of streamflow and precipitation quantity and stream-water and bulk deposition chemistry in eastern Kentucky watersheds     

Kenton L. Sena  Tanja N. Williamson  Christopher D. Barton 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14133

  相似文献   

Groundwater monitoring at the watershed scale: An evaluation of recharge and nonpoint source pollutant loading in the Clear Creek Watershed,Iowa          下载免费PDF全文

Keith E. Schilling  Matthew T. Streeter  E. Arthur Bettis III  Christopher G. Wilson  Athanasios N. Papanicolaou 《水文研究》2018,32(4):562-575

Determining the groundwater contribution of nonpoint source pollution at a watershed scale is a challenging issue. In this study, we utilized a top‐down approach to characterize representative groundwater response units (GRUs) based on land use and landscape position (e.g., upland, sideslope, or floodplain) in the 275‐km² Clear Creek Watershed, Iowa. Groundwater monitoring wells were then established along downslope transects in representative GRUs. This unique combination of top‐down/bottom‐up approaches allowed us to estimate groundwater pollutant loads at the watershed scale with minimal monitoring. For the 2015 study period, results indicated that more groundwater recharge occurred in the floodplain (404 mm) compared to the uplands or sideslopes (281 and 165 mm, respectively), irrespective of land use. Recharge in the floodplains consisted of 37% of the annual precipitation, whereas upland wells averaged 26% and sideslopes averaged 15% of the annual precipitation. Less recharge was found to occur beneath perennial grass compared to row crop and urbanized areas. Baseflow discharge accounted for 69% of the total NO₃‐N exported from the Clear Creek Watershed, with row crop areas contributing approximately 95% of the annual load. Orthophosphorus (OP) yields were approximately 0.72 kg/ha beneath urban and suburban areas, three times higher than those in row crop or perennial areas. Urban and suburban areas accounted for 21.4% of groundwater orthophosphorus and chloride loads in the watershed compared to only 8.5% of the land area. Overall, the groundwater load allocation model for baseflow nutrient discharge to Clear Creek can be used to target future nonpoint source load reduction strategies at the watershed scale. The use of GRUs can pinpoint better areas of concern for controlling nutrient loads.  相似文献   

Sensitivity of nitrate concentration-discharge patterns to soil nitrate distribution and drainage properties in the vertical dimension     

Xiaoli Chen  Christina L. Tague  John M. Melack  Arturo A. Keller 《水文研究》2020,34(11):2477-2493

We propose a conceptual model that examines the ‘variable source area’ (VSA) and ‘nitrate flushing’ hypothesis in the vertical direction, and use this approach to explain nitrate concentration–discharge relationships in a semi-arid watershed. We use an eco-hydrology simulation model (RHESSys) to show that small changes in the vertical distribution of nitrate mass and their interaction with soil hydraulic conductivity can result in abrupt changes in the nitrate concentration–discharge relationship. We show that the estimated concentration–discharge relationship is sensitive to the parameters governing soil vertical nitrate distribution and soil hydraulic conductivity, at both patch scale and watershed scale, where lateral redistribution of water and nitrate is also accounted for. Given heterogeneity in nitrogen inputs, uptake processes, soil drainage and storage processes, substantial variation in parameters that describe rate of changes in vertical distribution of soil nitrate and hydraulic properties is likely both within and between watersheds. Thus, we argue that vertical ‘variable source area’ processes may be as important as lateral VSA in determining concentration discharge relationships.  相似文献   

农村家庭利用自酿米酒去除地下水中硝酸盐的初步研究     

刘志腾  陈余道  蒋亚萍 《地下水》2015,(4)

为去除农村家庭饮用地下水中的硝酸盐,以农村自酿米酒为碳源,利用简易的沙桶装置开展了反硝化去除硝酸盐的实验,对比了不同乙醇浓度下的反硝化效果。实验结果表明,以沙桶为实验装置,自酿米酒为碳源,在家庭中异位反硝化去除抽取地下水中的硝酸盐方法是有效果,易操作的。硝酸盐的去除率和C/N质量比有直接关系,当C/N质量比大于1.99时,硝酸盐去除率达99%,亚硝酸盐零积累,但易积累乙酸盐;当C/N质量比为0.89时,硝酸盐去除率达99%,生成物亚硝酸盐浓度远高于国家饮用水限值(1 mg/L);当C/N质量比为0.43时,反硝化过程不彻底,硝酸盐去除率不高,且易生成溶度较高的亚硝酸盐。溶解氧的存在不会对反硝化产生显著影响。米酒和硝酸盐之间的C/N最佳比例,宜大于本次实验的0.89,小于1.99,利用农村自酿米酒作为碳源去除地下水中硝酸盐是可行的。  相似文献   

Nutrients in an oligotrophic boundary current: Evidence of a new role for the Leeuwin Current   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P.A. Thompson  K. Wild-Allen  M. Lourey  C. Rousseaux  A.M. Waite  M. Feng  L.E. Beckley 《Progress in Oceanography》2011,91(4):345-359

New observations along the continental shelf of Western Australia provide a novel explanation for the established ∼60 years relationship between Leeuwin Current (LC) strength and greater winter nitrate concentrations at 32°S plus the inter-annual variation in the magnitude of the annual, shelf-scale, phytoplankton bloom. The potential source of dissolved nitrogen to support the annual shelf scale phytoplankton bloom was identified as thin layers of an unprecedented areal extent, nitrate concentration and shallow nature that were observed off the northwest of Australia. We propose that the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in these layers enters the LC at depth and then enters the euphotic zone via by three mechanisms: instability that results in a warm core eddy, cooling that deepens the surface mixed layer and shallowing of the thin layer. During the onset of the annual phytoplankton bloom along the west coast of Australia from 22°S to 34°S the poleward flowing LC was clearly evident as a surface intensified ocean boundary current transporting warmer, lower-salinity, greater-silicate waters in a shallow mixed layer rapidly southward. Between 24 and 26°S the core of the LC was present as a 50–100 m deep layer over one or more thin layers, 15–50 m thick, with high nitrate and low dissolved oxygen (DO). These layers were of lower salinity, cooler water with markedly reduced DO, high nitrate concentrations and distinct nitrate:silicate (NO₃:Si(OH)₄) nutrient ratios. As the LC flowed south it cooled and deepened thereby entraining the thin layers of high nitrate water into the euphotic zone. The LC also formed large (greater than 100 km diameter) warm core eddies with a deep surface mixed layer that also entrained nitrate from these thin layers. In some locations as far south as 32°S the LC was still present with the thin layer of high nitrate intact but now within the euphotic zone. Thus, the available evidence suggests the LC arises under conditions that favour rapid and shallow nitrification. This nitrification fuels a shelf-scale bloom on a downwelling favourable coast. Depending upon the rate of nitrification the source of the particular organic matter may be local or delivered from the tropics via horizontal advection in a subsurface layer of the LC.  相似文献   

用于海水养殖水脱氮的反硝化细菌的诱变及筛选     

吕玉珊  齐树亭  王晓宇  石玉新  李芳芳  高长虹 《海洋科学》2011,35(11):35-40

以实验室中已有的反硝化菌株作为出发菌株, 对这株自然菌株进行氯化锂和紫外线照射诱变,得到2 株硝酸盐还原率高且亚硝酸盐积累量低的突变体L02 与Z06。在培养基中硝酸盐起始含量为1 mmol/L, 静置培养的条件下, 这2 株突变株对硝酸盐的还原率均能达到95%以上; 摇床条件下培养,其还原率也能达到94%以上, 且对...  相似文献